This is less a full fledged article this time, and more "something I always forget and can never find anywhere else, so I'm posting it here to help future me".
When you're packaging up a Magento Extension for distribution through Magento Connect
System -> Magento Connect -> Package Extensions You need to create a list of Roles and Path pairs
The first time you do this, it's not entirely obvious what a Role or a Path is. If you expand the Role drop-down, you get a list of different file types.
